1) Aitken RJ and Koppers AJ. Apoptosis and DNA damage in human spermatozoa. Asian J Andrology 2011; 13,36–42.
2) Wong WY et al. Male factor subfertility: possible causes and the impact of nutritional factors. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:435-442.
DNA Study 2014; Increased hyaluronan acid binding ability of spermatozoa indicating a better maturity, morphology, and higher DNA integrity after micronutrient supplementation; Lipovac M. et al.; inclusion criteria: ≥ 1 year of subfertility, ≥ 2 pathological semen analyses; exclusion criteria: aspermia, varicocele, azoospermia, urogenital infections.